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Air EmissionsXanterra’s potential to emit key air pollutants falls well below regulatory thresholds, which means it is not subject to regulation under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Still, Xanterra aggressively combats pollution emitted by vehicles, buildings, and regional public power plants to help keep the vistas clear at national and state parks. When Xanterra calculates its emissions, it includes all pollution produced by its operations—from vehicles, boilers, and even kitchen ovens—as well as emissions triggered back at the regional public power plant from electricity usage.
The company is halfway to reaching its ten-year World Wildlife Fund greenhouse-gas emission-reduction goal of 10 percent. Emissions normalized for revenue have also decreased steadily over the last five years. A spike in emissions per dollar of revenue occurred in 2001 after the events of September 11 dramatically reduced visitation while Xanterra’s facilities remained open. Even so, increased efficiency and conservation resulted in continued annual diminutions in emissions normalized for revenue and a five-year total reduction of 2.3 percent. Nearly all EPA Criteria Air Pollutants, voluntarily tracked by Xanterra, decreased as Xanterra switched to cleaner burning fuels to heat buildings, power vehicles, and create electricity. Sources: Greenhouse gas emissions conversion data and EPA Criteria Air Pollutant emissions data were calculated using several sources including: the Leonardo Academy, “Emission Factors and Energy Prices for Cleaner and Greener Program,” the World Resources Institute, the World Business Council on Sustainable Development’s Greenhouse Gas Protocol, and the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration’s “Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases” program. Working to Reduce Air EmissionsSince 2000, Xanterra has switched from “dirty” two-stroke engine technologies in its boats and snowmobiles to all new four-stroke engines, reducing noise and emissions and increasing efficiency by 65 percent. Alternative fuels like E10, a blend of 10 percent ethanol, are still being used to power snowmobiles and snowcoaches. All in-park tour buses at the South Rim have hydrous alcohol injectors that decrease visible emissions by 66.4 percent and increase fuel economy by 19.7 percent. In 2002, all the perchloroethylene from the Yellowstone dry cleaning operation was removed from Yellowstone. Xanterra continues to retrofit and replace fuel oil boilers with cleaner burning alternative fuels, even reducing fuel oil usage at the South Rim to zero. In the past two years, Xanterra has taken its commitment to reduce air emissions in national parks to an even higher level, as exemplified by the following initiatives. Reducing Our Carbon FootprintPartnering with the World Wildlife Fund on Climate Change
NPS Climate Friendly Parks ProgramXanterra gave presentations and participated in three EPA Climate Friendly Parks workshops held at Zion, Everglades, and Glacier National Parks. Sponsored by the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation/Climate Change Division and the Washington Office of the National Park Service, the Climate Friendly Parks initiative encourages and enables national parks to develop both short and long-term comprehensive strategies to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions. The program shows park stakeholders how to integrate these strategies into the park EMS. Furthermore, the program entails a commitment on the part of the participating park to educate the public regarding the actions the park is taking to mitigate its GHG and CAP emissions.
Biodiesel Clears the Air in National Parks
“Clean” Fuel Switching ContinuesMany lodges across the country are heated with “dirty” fuel oil, producing byproducts of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, soot and carcinogenic particulates. In addition to the 14 fuel-oil-to-propane boiler retrofits at the Grand Canyon, Xanterra continues to retrofit boilers at other locations with cleaner burning technologies and fuels. The new boilers release literally 80 times less carbon monoxide and run at 83.3 percent efficiency, an efficiency increase of 23.3 percent from the old boilers. During a recent kitchen remodel at Zion Lodge, Xanterra removed a two million BTU diesel-fired boiler used for providing heat for dishwashers, steamers, fryers, and the building space. That boiler heated water all times of the day, wasting energy. Now, all kitchen appliances have been replaced with on-demand electric and propane high-efficiency appliances—using energy only when needed. Green Vehicle Maintenance:
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